Pests and plant diseases are one of the most important challenges in the production of agricultural products, especially beans, in the world. According to the statistics of the World Food Organization, between 20 and 40 percent of the products produced by farmers are destroyed by pests and diseases. The bean plant is one of the important vegetable and summer plants, which is sensitive to some pests and diseases. In this article, we will learn about six important pests and diseases of beans.
1- bean minnow fly
Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is one of the most important pests in bean plant. This multi-generational pest that produces one generation every month feeds on leaf tissue. By creating spiral corridors, the larvae of this pest destroy leaf cells and reduce photosynthesis.
2- Common bacterial blight of beans
Xanthomonas campestris pv bacteria phaseoli is the common bacterial blight disease of beans. The use of contaminated seeds and planting in fields that have a history of contamination are two main factors in crop contamination.
3- Fusarium wilt of beans
Fusarium wilt is one of the most important diseases affecting beans. The initial symptoms of this disease include chlorosis (yellowing) and dwarfism of the plants. .With the progression of the disease, the chlorotic leaves become necrotic and brown. The Fusarium disease agent enters the plant through the underground organs and roots, and by blocking the vascular tissues, it leads to pale color, wilting and finally the death of the plant.
Fusarium is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Humid weather conditions cause more spread of this disease. In some cases, the main stem near the soil surface turns reddish brown.
4- Anthracnose disease
This disease damages all aerial organs including bean pods. Symptoms of the disease include sunken blisters that turn into dark circles as the disease progresses.
The cause of bean anthracnose is the fungus Colletotricaum lindemuthianum. The cause of bean anthracnose is the fungus Colletotricaum lindemuthianum.
5- Bean bell
In this disease, yellow to brown spots appear on the leaves. As the disease progresses, the whole leaf turns yellow or brown. In addition to beans, this disease also infects other species of the legume family. Wet weather conditions aggravate this disease.
The cause of bean rust disease is the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus. The most important time for the spread of this disease is during flowering or shortly before flowering.
6-Normal bean mosaic
In common bean mosaic disease, a dark and light green mosaic pattern appears on the leaf blade. Some veins or parts of them show signs of chlorosis (yellowing). As the disease progresses, parts of the leaves may become wrinkled, blistered, or misshapen. Twisting the leaves downwards or their tubercles are other symptoms of this disease that appear later.
In common bean mosaic disease, the initial infection is through infected seeds. White beans are relatively tolerant to this disease. The rate of seed transmission in pinto bean genotypes is 7.80%, 76.5% in red bean and 5.40% in white bean.
